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Designing and Planning of Operation Theaters (OT) complex is one of the most critical aspects of hospital architecture. A well-planned OT is not merely a room for surgery; it is a highly engineered environment designed to maximize clinical efficiency, ensure absolute sterility, and provide a safe workspace for medical professionals. 1. Zoning and Traffic Flow Effective OT planning begins with the concept of zoning. To prevent cross-contamination, the complex must be divided into four distinct zones:

1. Protective Zone: Entrance and changing rooms.
2. Clean Zone: Recovery rooms and pre-operative holding.
3. Aseptic Zone: The actual sterile operating rooms and scrub stations.
4. Disposable Zone: Areas for dirty linen and waste removal.